Mathematical & quantum foundations
Four detailed lessons, mathematical definitions, worked examples and limitations.
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Concept 01Linear algebra for QMLComplex vector spaces, inner products, unitary matrices, tensor products and spectral decomposition.Concept 02Qubits and Bloch spherePure qubit states are points on a sphere, while mixed states lie inside it. Global phase is unobservable.Concept 03Measurement and expectation valuesMeasurements turn amplitudes into sampled classical outcomes; observable expectations are statistical averages.Concept 04Entanglement and tensor productsEntangled states cannot be expressed as products of single-qubit states and may encode correlations unavailable to product states.