Data encoding & feature maps
Four detailed lessons, mathematical definitions, worked examples and limitations.
Explore the lessons
Concept 09Angle encodingMap numeric features to rotation angles on qubits; normalization and periodicity affect information retention.Concept 10Amplitude encodingRepresent normalized vectors as amplitudes; compact qubit counts can hide expensive state preparation.Concept 11Basis and computational encodingEncode discrete bit strings as computational basis states, useful for combinatorial and binary inputs.Concept 12Data re-uploading and expressivityInterleave input-dependent rotations and trainable layers to increase representational flexibility.