Spin-1/2 and Zeeman splitting
A magnetic field splits two spin orientations.
$$H_Z=\frac12 g\mu_B\mathbf B\cdot\boldsymbol\sigma$$
Physical intuition
A magnetic field splits two spin orientations.
Deep dive: physical mechanism
The effective g tensor maps the applied field into a spin rotation axis and frequency.
What is measured experimentally?
Electron-spin resonance identifies the Zeeman frequency.
Assumptions, noise and limitations
Anisotropic g factors and hyperfine fields perturb the simple model.
Research and simulation exercise
Compute spin precession for tilted magnetic fields.
Connect the ideas
Explore the chapter overview, learning path, and references.