Single-electron occupation
A dot can be tuned to contain one controllable electron.
$$\mu_N=E(N)-E(N-1)$$
Physical intuition
A dot can be tuned to contain one controllable electron.
Deep dive: physical mechanism
Reservoir alignment and Coulomb blockade enable electron loading and unloading.
What is measured experimentally?
Charge-sensor steps map electron occupancy.
Assumptions, noise and limitations
Charge traps and reservoir heating complicate occupancy assignment.
Research and simulation exercise
Generate a charge stability map with a constant-interaction model.
Connect the ideas
Explore the chapter overview, learning path, and references.