⬡All 42 concepts

Electrons in a crystal behave as quasiparticles with a band-dependent effective mass.

Small structures discretize electron energies.

A magnetic field splits two spin orientations.

Motion in an electric field can couple to spin.

Multiple conduction-band minima can create additional low-energy states.

Adding one electron costs electrostatic energy.

Gate voltages shape the confinement potential.

A dot can be tuned to contain one controllable electron.

Spin selection rules can inhibit interdot charge transfer.

Two electron spins encode a qubit in their singlet–triplet subspace.

Virtual tunneling creates a controllable spin–spin coupling.

A resonant oscillating field flips a spin.

Electric gates can control spin through spin–orbit or gradient coupling.

Spin states become distinguishable charge outcomes.

A resonant circuit senses tiny changes in device impedance.

Silicon MOS devices use gate-controlled electrons near an oxide interface.

Strained silicon quantum wells host low-disorder electron dots.

Holes offer strong electrically tunable spin–orbit interactions.

Single dopant atoms can host localized spin memories.

Removing spinful isotopes can reduce nuclear-spin noise.

Interface disorder can hybridize valley and orbital states.

An electron can occupy a coherent superposition of two dots.

A microwave photon can mediate distant spin interactions.

A semiconductor coupled to a superconductor acquires pairing correlations.

Coherent electron–hole reflection forms subgap states.

Spinful Andreev levels can encode a qubit.

A spin qubit may interface with a superconducting circuit mode.

Strain and phonons provide another quantum information channel.

Optical photons can carry quantum information over long distances.

Optically active semiconductor dots can generate nonclassical light.

Operating at a stationary frequency can reduce first-order noise.

Quantum information decays through energy loss and phase randomization.

Pulse sequences can cancel slow fluctuations.

Exchange can entangle neighboring spin qubits.

Qubits can couple without direct electron exchange.

Reliable processors require quantified gate errors.

Wiring and heat budgets become central in large arrays.

Electrons can be transported through controlled dot arrays.

Separated spin qubits can share nonlocal quantum correlations.

Spin–orbit-coupled proximitized nanowires can enter a topological superconducting regime.

Parity is an important conserved quantity in ideal superconducting islands.

Useful processors require both physical control and architectural error suppression.